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Surface treatment is a frequently used method for conservation and restoration of building
materials. . In this study, a novel and environment friendly strategy, bacterially induced calcium
carbonate precipitation was applied to strengthen the surface of limestone. The treatment procedure
for bio-deposition was first optimized regarding the aspects of treatment frequency and treatment
time. Ultrasonic velocity was used to characterize the surface properties. It turned out that two
subsequent applications of a one-step bio-deposition treatment had the best effect, where the
transmitting velocity of the ultrasonic wave was increased with around 10~20%. The improvement
mainly occurred from the surface till the depth of 4 cm and the largest increase was at the depth
around 2 cm. Meanwhile, a commercial chemical ethyl silicate based consolidant, was applied under
the same condition. Yet the efficiency measured by the increase in ultrasonic velocity was not
significant
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