The NASA-UC-UH Eta-Earth Program. IV. A Low-Mass Planet Orbiting an M Dwarf 3.6 PC From Earth

Abstract

We report the discovery of a low-mass planet orbiting Gl 15 A based on radial velocities from the Eta-Earth Survey using HIRES at Keck Observatory. Gl 15 Ab is a planet with minimum mass Msin i = 5.35 ± 0.75 M⊕, orbital period P = 11.4433  ±  0.0016 days, and an orbit that is consistent with circular. We characterize the host star using a variety of techniques. Photometric observations at Fairborn Observatory show no evidence for rotational modulation of spots at the orbital period to a limit of ∼0.1 mmag, thus supporting the existence of the planet. We detect a second RV signal with a period of 44 days that we attribute to rotational modulation of stellar surface features, as confirmed by optical photometry and the Ca ii H & K activity indicator. Using infrared spectroscopy from Palomar-TripleSpec, we measure an M2 V spectral type and a sub-solar metallicity ([M/H] = −0.22, [Fe/H] = −0.32). We measure a stellar radius of 0.3863 ± 0.0021 R☉ based on interferometry from CHARA