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In this paper we discuss the role that deontic logic plays in the specification of information
systems, either because constraints on the systems directly concern norms or, and even more
importantly, system constraints are considered ideal but violable (so-called ‘soft’ constraints).
To overcome the traditional problems with deontic logic (the so-called paradoxes), we first state
the importance of distinguishing between ought-to-be and ought-to-do constraints and next
focus on the most severe paradox, the so-called Chisholm paradox, involving contrary-to-duty
norms. We present a multi-modal extension of standard deontic logic (SDL) to represent the
ought-to-be version of the Chisholm set properly. For the ought-to-do variant we employ a
reduction to dynamic logic, and show how the Chisholm set can be treated adequately in this
setting. Finally we discuss a way of integrating both ought-to-be and ought-to-do reasoning,
enabling one to draw conclusions from ought-to-be constraints to ought-to-do ones, and show
by an example the use(fulness) of this
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