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Aims. The physical interpretation of spectro-interferometric data is
strongly model-dependent. On one hand, models involving elaborate radiative transfer
solvers are too time consuming in general to perform an automatic fitting procedure and
derive astrophysical quantities and their related errors. On the other hand, using simple
geometrical models does not give sufficient insights into the physics of the object. We
propose to stand in between these two extreme approaches by using a physical but still
simple parameterised model for the object under consideration. Based on this philosophy,
we developed a numerical tool optimised for mid-infrared (mid-IR) interferometry, the fast
ray-tracing algorithm for circumstellar structures (FRACS), which can be used as a
stand-alone model, or as an aid for a more advanced physical description or even for
elaborating observation strategies.
Methods. FRACS is based on the ray-tracing technique without scattering,
but supplemented with the use of quadtree meshes and the full symmetries of the
axisymmetrical problem to significantly decrease the necessary computing time to obtain
e.g. monochromatic images and visibilities. We applied FRACS in a theoretical study of the
dusty circumstellar environments (CSEs) of B[e] supergiants (sgB[e]) in order to determine
which information (physical parameters) can be retrieved from present mid-IR
interferometry (flux and visibility).
Results. From a set of selected dusty CSE models typical of sgB[e] stars
we show that together with the geometrical parameters (position angle, inclination, inner
radius), the temperature structure (inner dust temperature and gradient) can be well
constrained by the mid-IR data alone. Our results also indicate that the determination of
the parameters characterising the CSE density structure is more challenging but, in some
cases, upper limits as well as correlations on the parameters characterising the mass loss
can be obtained. Good constraints for the sgB[e] central continuum emission (central star
and inner gas emissions) can be obtained whenever its contribution to the total mid-IR
flux is only as high as a few percents. Ray-tracing parameterised models such as FRACS are
thus well adapted to prepare and/or interpret long wavelengths (from mid-IR to radio)
observations at present (e.g. VLTI/MIDI) and near-future (e.g. VLTI/MATISSE, ALMA)
interferometers
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