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Gene Expression Profiling in Slow-Type Calf <i>Soleus</i> Muscle of 30 Days Space-Flown Mice
Abstract
<div><p>Microgravity exposure as well as chronic disuse are two main causes of skeletal muscle atrophy in animals and humans. The antigravity calf <i>soleus</i> is a reference postural muscle to investigate the mechanism of disuse-induced maladaptation and plasticity of human and rodent (rats or mice) skeletal musculature. Here, we report microgravity-induced global gene expression changes in space-flown mouse skeletal muscle and the identification of yet unknown disuse susceptible transcripts found in <i>soleus</i> (a mainly slow phenotype) but not in <i>extensor digitorum longus</i> (a mainly fast phenotype dorsiflexor as functional counterpart to <i>soleus</i>). Adult C57Bl/N6 male mice (n = 5) flew aboard a biosatellite for 30 days on orbit (BION-M1 mission, 2013), a sex and age-matched cohort were housed in standard vivarium cages (n = 5), or in a replicate flight habitat as ground control (n = 5). Next to disuse atrophy signs (reduced size and myofiber phenotype I to II type shift) as much as 680 differentially expressed genes were found in the space-flown <i>soleus</i>, and only 72 in <i>extensor digitorum longus</i> (only 24 genes in common) compared to ground controls. Altered expression of gene transcripts matched key biological processes (contractile machinery, calcium homeostasis, muscle development, cell metabolism, inflammatory and oxidative stress response). Some transcripts (Fzd9, Casq2, Kcnma1, Ppara, Myf6) were further validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Besides previous reports on other leg muscle types we put forth for the first time a complete set of microgravity susceptible gene transcripts in <i>soleus</i> of mice as promising new biomarkers or targets for optimization of physical countermeasures and rehabilitation protocols to overcome disuse atrophy conditions in different clinical settings, rehabilitation and spaceflight.</p></div- Dataset
- Dataset
- Medicine
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
- Physiology
- Developmental Biology
- Infectious Diseases
- Computational Biology
- Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
- Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
- gene Expression Profiling
- leg muscle types
- II type shift
- reference postural muscle
- oxidative stress response
- extensor digitorum longus
- PCR
- Slow-Type Calf Soleus Muscle
- antigravity calf soleus
- gene expression changes
- BION-M 1 mission
- Adult C 57Bl
- disuse atrophy conditions
- disuse atrophy signs
- gene transcripts
- phenotype
- 30 Days Space-Flown Mice Microgravity exposure