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升麻的功效源流、变迁及其分析

Abstract

升麻首载于《神农本草经》,金元以前无论是本草著作还是方书记载,其功效均为“清热解毒”。自金元张元素起,功效大变,开始出现“升举阳气”的功效。李东垣、王好古尊张元素之说,未意识到升麻“清热解毒”效用,将升麻看作“升浮”“升阳”的代表药。明清时期,对升麻认识主要分为两类,一类认为升麻兼具“清热解毒”与“升举阳气”,一类认为升麻只具有“升举阳气”这一功效。近代以来,对前代升麻的功效认识开始有了批判,出现了两种观点,一种继承前代“清热解毒”与“升举阳气”的双向说;一种认为升麻单纯为清热解毒药,坚决驳斥升麻的“升举阳气”说,恢复金元以前升麻的功效认识,日本学者亦多持此观点。《中华人民共和国药典》自1985年版始,总结升麻有“发表透疹”“清热解毒”“升举阳气”三大功效,这代表了目前学术界比较主流的认识。当代一些学者对升麻的“升举阳气”仍有反对意见,包括临床医学家、医学史家、药学家等。该文系统梳理了升麻的功效源流与功效变迁,并对升麻的功效变迁进行了深入分析。笔者结合哲学思考与现代药理学研究成果亦认为升麻不能升举阳气

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Institutional Repository of Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IHNS OpenIR,中国科学院自然科学史研究所机构知识库)

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Last time updated on 30/08/2022

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