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不同間距透水柵對土石流篩分功效之試驗研究

Abstract

Abstract The bottom infiltration screen is one of the strategy to control debris flow. In the past researches, we can find that debris flow affected by the infiltration screening device. There is a repeated phenomenon of move and stop of the debris, at last it stagnated and lost the efficiency of the screen device. How much gravel can be block that will according to the gauage of infiltration spacing, hence the clear spacing of the bars of the screen, the depression angle of infiltration screen, the length of the bar of the screen are all important factors. This study have experimented according to important factors which are the individual bar clear spacing , the depression angle of the infiltration screen, the length of the bar. This study selected four different clear bar spacing of 0.8cm、1.0cm、1.2cm、1.4cm , three different depression angles of 33˚、35˚、37˚, three different bar length of 30cm、40cm、50cm . We can find the optimal efficiency of the screen device when the clear bar spacing is 1.2cm, the angle is 37˚ and the bar length is 50cm. From the data of this experiment we can find that: b/dmax=0.63 the slit density of bottom infiltration screens Σb/B=0.54 (b:the bar clear spacing,dmax:the maximum diameter,B:the span of bar)中文摘要 透水柵為土石流防治工法之一。過去研究發現,土石流受透水柵篩分作用會產生流動、停積、再流動、再停積之重覆現象,最後透水柵淤塞失去篩分功效。透水柵可攔阻多少砂石主要取決於透水柵柵棒淨間距的大小,因此柵棒淨間距、柵面角度及柵棒長度皆為重要因子。 本研究以柵棒淨間距、透水柵柵面角度及柵棒長度為重要因子進行試驗,設計0.8cm、1.0cm、1.2cm、1.4cm不同淨間距透水柵四組、透水柵柵面角度33°、35°、37°三組、柵棒長度30cm、40cm、50cm三組。 經試驗後得到柵棒淨間距為1.2cm、透水柵面角度37°及柵棒長度50cm篩分功效最佳。分析試驗數據得到以下結果: b/dmax=0.63 透水柵之狹縫密度Σb/B=0.54 式中b:柵棒淨間距 dmax:最大粒徑 B:壩體全長中文摘要 I 目錄 III 圖目錄 V 表目錄 VI 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 土石流的基本性質 1 1.2 土石流減災工法 2 1.3 研究動機 3 第二章 前人研究與文獻回顧 6 2.1 土石流相關研究 6 2.1.1 土石流定義 6 2.1.2 土石流發生型態 7 2.1.3 土石流流動型態 9 2.1.4 土石流各區段坡度 11 2.1.5 土石流類型 12 2.2 土石流防治 12 2.2.1 土石流防治工法之效能評估 12 2.2.2 透過性防砂壩的特點 14 2.2.3 透過性防砂壩開口經驗式 15 2.3 透水柵相關研究 17 2.3.1 透水柵實例 17 2.3.2 透水柵相關研究 18 第三章 試驗材料與方法 23 3.1 試驗材料 23 3.1.1 取樣方法 23 3.1.2 土樣資料 23 3.2 試驗設備 25 3.3 試驗設計與條件 29 3.4 試驗步驟 30 3.5 試驗流程 32 第四章 結果與討論 33 4.1 試驗現象描述 34 4.2 試驗結果分析 39 4.2.1 柵棒間距影響因子 39 4.2.2 透水柵柵面篩分角度影響因子: 48 4.2.3 柵棒長度影響因子: 49 4.3 分流比 52 4.4 土石流體積濃度 53 第五章 結論與建議 54 5.1 結論 54 5.2 建議 57 參考文獻 58 附表一 62 附表二 6

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