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'University of Baghdad - The Post-Graduate Institute for Accounting and Financial Studies - PGIAFS'
Abstract
Satellite Earth Observation (EO) data is ubiquitously used in many applications, providing basic services to
society, such as environment monitoring, emergency management and civilian security. Due to the increasing request
of EO products by the market, the classical EO data chain generates a severe bottleneck problem, further exacerbated
in constellations. A huge amount of EO raw data generated on-board the satellite must be transferred to ground,
slowing down the EO product availability, increasing latency, and hampering the growth of applications in
accordance with the increased user demand.
This paper provides an overview of the results achieved by the EO-ALERT project (http://eo-alert-h2020.eu/), an
H2020 European Union research activity led by DEIMOS Space. EO-ALERT proposes the definition and
development of the next-generation EO data processing chain, based on a novel flight segment architecture that
moves optimised key EO data processing elements from the ground segment to on-board the satellite, with the aim of
delivering the EO products to the end user with very low latency (quasi-real-time). EO-ALERT achieves, globally,
latencies below five minutes for EO products delivery, reaching latencies below 1 minute in some scenarios.
The proposed architecture solves the above challenges through a combination of innovations in the on-board
elements of the data chain and the communications. Namely, the architecture introduces innovative technological
solutions, including on-board reconfigurable data handling, on-board image generation and processing for the
generation of alerts (EO products) using Artificial Intelligence (AI), on-board data compression and encryption using
AI, high-speed on-board avionics, and reconfigurable high data rate communication links to ground, including a
separate chain for alerts with minimum latency and global coverage.
The paper presents the proposed architecture, its performance and hardware, considering two different user
scenarios; ship detection and extreme weather observation/nowcasting. The results show that, when implemented
using COTS components and available communication links, the proposed architecture can deliver alerts to ground
with latency lower than five minutes, for both SAR and Optical missions, demonstrating the viability of the EOALERT
concept and architecture. The paper also discusses the implementation on an avionics test bench for
testing the architecture with real EO data, with the aim of demonstrating that it can meet the requirements of the
considered scenarios in terms of detection performance and provides technologies at a high TRL (4-5). When
proven, this will open unprecedented opportunities for the exploitation of civil EO products, especially in latency
sensitive scenarios, such as disaster management
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