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Rapid demographic increase and transition in governmental policies influenced the patterns of Egyptian
residential sector, services and urban fabric. The housing stock in Egypt is dominated by private owners,
informally and high consumption rates. Studies attempted to classify historic periods that created the current
urban pattern and led to an uncontrollable expansion of a metropolis. Political and demographic changes had
a major role in the city’s urban, architectural and legislative transformation, especially after the change of
government policies in 1953. The article aims to evaluate the development milestones of the housing stock in
Cairo before and after 1953, from an environmental sustainability perspective on a building and urban scale.
Based on official statistics, maps from various periods and literature, the urban development of the city is
assessed. The impact of governmental policies and strategic plans is analyzed, taking into consideration
demographic growth, urban sprawl and environmental aspects. The residential stock is classified in two time
phases (before and after 1953) and three dominant typological -urban and architectural- criteria. Based on
this classificatory model, representative characteristics of different periods are assessed in terms of
morphology, construction materials and environmental design. The results provide a critical analysis of
Cairo's environmental and sustainability policies in the second half of the previous century. It provides an
evaluation base for comparison with the city's current built environment and offers guidance for future
scenarios
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