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Hand washing is a critical activity in preventing
the spread of infection in health-care environments and food
preparation areas. Several guidelines recommended a hand
washing protocol consisting of six steps that ensure that all
areas of the hands are thoroughly cleaned. In this paper, we
describe a novel approach that uses a computer vision system to measure the user’s hands motions to ensure that the
hand washing guidelines are followed. A hand washing quality assessment system needs to know if the hands are joined
or separated and it has to be robust to different lighting conditions, occlusions, reflections and changes in the color of
the sink surface. This work presents three main contributions: a description of a system which delivers robust hands
segmentation using a combination of color and motion analysis, a single multi-modal particle filter (PF) in combination with a k-means-based clustering technique to track both
hands/arms, and the implementation of a multi-class classification of hand gestures using a support vector machine
ensemble. PF performance is discussed and compared with a
standard Kalman filter estimator. Finally, the global performance of the system is analyzed and compared with human
performance, showing an accuracy close to that of human
experts
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