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Architecture Descriptions. A Contribution to Modeling of Production System Architecture

Abstract

Temaet for denne PhD-afhandling er arkitektur-centreret design og beskrivelsen af arkitektur for produktionssystemer. I takt med at produkters levetid på markedet falder og kunders efterspørgsel efter nye produktegenskaber og ydeevne stiger, står flere virksomheder overfor krav om hurtigere udvikling og produktion af nye produkter. Mange af disse virksomheder søger at holde trit med markedets krav og presset fra andre lande med lavere produktionsomkostninger, ved at adoptere en arkitektur-centreret eller platformsbaseret tilgang til design af deres produktionssystemer. Efterhånden som disse virksomheder fokuserer mere på arkitekturen i deres designaktiviteter og lader den være omdrejningspunktet i hele systemets livscyklus, opdager de et behov for at ændre deres syn på systemets design og hvordan det skal håndteres. Design af produktionssystemer ift. en arkitektur-centreret designfilosofi kræver en korrekt forståelse af arkitekturfænomenet samt evnen til at beskrive arkitekturen på en måde der lader arkitekturen kommunikeres til og håndteres af interessenter i hele virksomheden. Selv om der findes flere designfilosofier inden for design af produktionssystemer, såsom Lean, der fokuserer på de grundlæggende principper for et produktionssystems design, og på trods af eksistensen af etablerede arkitektur- og platformsteorier og design metoder, er der stadig et behov for en bedre forståelse af selve arkitekturfænomenet og hvordan det kan anvendes inden for design af produktionssystemer. Dette forskningsprojekt bidrager til termer og forståelse ift. arkitekturfænomenet, gennem et konceptuelt rammeværk, som gør det muligt at uddybe arkitekturkonceptet og hvordan det kommer til udtryk inden for design af produktionssystemer. For at hjælpe virksomheder med operationelt design og håndtering produktionssystemarkitektur, bidrager forskningen ydermere til beskrivelse af produktionssystemarkitektur. Det beskrives hvad en arkitekturbeskrivelse generelt indeholder og hvad den specifikt bør indeholde når arkitekturen for et produktionssystem skal beskrives. Bidraget hertil består af tre dele. Først og fremmest etableres der en konceptuel model for arkitekturbeskrivelser baseret på ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 standarden. Dernæst udforskes de relevante interessenter for beskrivelser af produktionssystemers arkitektur og deres interesser ift. arkitekturen. Endeligt udvikles et rammeværk der kan bruges som grundlag for beskrivelse af produktionsarkitekturer. Rammeværket vil gøre det muligt for systemets interessenter at beskrive arkitekturer for produktionssystemer baseret på et fælles sæt af såkaldte viewpoints. De to inkluderede viewpoints består af et sæt af modeller, der kan bruges til at belyse udvalgte arkitekturrelaterede emner med hensyn til produktionssystemets produktionsevne og designet af det tekniske system. I forbindelse med beskrivelse af produktionssystemers arkitektur er der behov for at støtte udveksling og behandling af arkitekturoplysninger inden for et bredt sæt af interessentdomæner og værktøjer igennem systemet livscyklus. For at støtte sådanne aktiviteter introduceres der et referencesystem til identifikation af produktionssystemets vigtigste elementer. Referencesystemet udgør en del af rammeværket for produktionsarkitekturbeskrivelser og er baseret på ISO/IEC 81346 standard serien. Systemet giver mulighed for identifikation af systemets vigtigste elementer ved brug af identifikatorer genereret på baggrund af produktionssystemets kompositoriske strukturer.The subject of this PhD dissertation is architecture-centric design and the description of production system architecture. Companies are facing demands for the development and production of new products at an ever increasing rate, as the market life of products decreases and the rate at which customers demand new product features and performance accelerates. Many of these companies are seeking to keep pace with market demands and the pressures of low cost production in other countries by adopting an architecture-centric or platform based approach to the design of their production systems. As companies seek to put the architecture at the center of design activities and let it be a focal point throughout the system life-cycle, they discover a need to change their view of the system design and how they handle it. Applying an architecture-centric approach to production system design requires a proper understanding of the architecture phenomenon and the ability to describe it in a manner that allow the architecture to be communicated to and handled by stakeholders throughout the company. Despite the existence of several design philosophies in production system design such as Lean, that focus on the underlying principles of a production system’s design; and despite the existence of established architecture and platform theories and practices within product design, there is still a need for a better understanding of the architecture phenomenon itself, and certainly how it applies within production system design. This research contributes to the vocabulary and understanding of the architecture phenomenon. A conceptual framework is provided which allows for conceptualization of the architecture phenomenon, and how it applies within production system design. To aid the companies in the operational design and handling of production system architecture, research is conducted into the description of production system architecture, including what an architecture description contains in general and what it should describe for production systems specifically. The contribution in this area of research consists of three parts. First, a conceptual model of architecture descriptions is established based on the ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010 standard. Secondly, the stakeholders and architecture related concerns of relevance for descriptions of production system architectures are investigated, and requirements for the descriptive capabilities of production system architecture descriptions are formulated. Thirdly, a reference architecture framework is suggested. The reference architecture framework will allow system stakeholders to describe the architecture of production systems based on a common set of viewpoints. The viewpoints provide a set of model kinds to frame select architecture related concerns relating to the production capability and the design of the technical system. With the contribution to architecture description there follows a need to support exchange and processing of architecture information within a diverse set of stakeholder domains and tools in the production system life cycle. To support such activities, a contribution is made to the identification and referencing of production system elements within architecture descriptions as part of the reference architecture framework. The contribution consists of a reference designation system based on the ISO/IEC 81346 standard series. The system allows for identification and referencing of the system elements through identifiers generated based on the compositional structures present in the production system

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This paper was published in Online Research Database In Technology.

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