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The regular eastward drift of transboundary
aerosol intrusions from the Asian mainland into the NW Pacific
region has a pervasive impact on air quality in Japan,
especially during springtime. Analysis of 24-h filter samples
with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS),
and hourly Streaker with Particle Induced X-ray Emission
(PIXE) samples collected continuously for six weeks reveal
the chemistry of successive waves of natural mineral desert
dust (“Kosa”) and metalliferous sulphatic pollutants arriving
in western Japan during spring 2011. The main aerosol
sources recognised by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF)
analysis of Streaker data are mineral dust and fresh sea salt
(both mostly in the coarser fraction PM2.5−10), As-bearing
sulphatic aerosol (PM0.1−2.5), metalliferous sodic particulate
matter (PM) interpreted as aged, industrially contaminated
marine aerosol, and ZnCu-bearing aerosols. Whereas mineral
dust arrivals are typically highly transient, peaking over
a few hours, sulphatic intrusions build up and decline more
slowly, and are accompanied by notable rises in ambient concentrations
of metallic trace elements such as Pb, As, Zn,
Sn and Cd. The magnitude of the loss in regional air quality
due to the spread and persistence of pollution from mainland
Asia is especially clear when cleansing oceanic air advects
westward across Japan, removing the continental influence
and reducing concentrations of the undesirable metalliferous
pollutants by over 90 %. Our new chemical database, especially
the Streaker data, demonstrates the rapidly changing
complexity of ambient air inhaled during these transboundary
events, and implicates Chinese coal combustion as the
main source of the anthropogenic aerosol component
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