A predictive model of criminality in civil psychiatric populations

Abstract

Purpose – This study sought to develop a predictive model of criminal risk in civil psychiatric populations, by determining the relative impacts of 1) psychopathy, 2) drug use, 3) impulsivity and 4) intelligence on levels of criminality. Design/methodology/approach - The sample consisted of 871 civil psychiatric patients, selected from the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study, who had been diagnosed with a mental illness or personality disorder, and hospitalised less than 21 days. Each participant was administered the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Screening Version (PCL:SV), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R). In addition, information on background demographics, drug use and criminality was obtained via a self-report questionnaire. Findings - Pearson correlations identified significant positive relationships between past arrests, psychopathy, impulsivity, and drug use. Intelligence was negatively related to past arrests. Multiple regression identified a significant main effect for Factor 2 psychopathy on past arrests when controlling for all covariates, but not for Factor 1 psychopathy, intelligence or impulsivity. Drug use and gender had small univariate effects. Research limitations/implications - It is suggested that future research investigates the influence of specific mental disorders on different types of offending. Originality/value – By investigating predictors of criminal behaviour in civil psychiatric patients, the present study makes valuable contributions to the research literature, enhancing our theoretical understanding of the relationships between psychopathy and criminality/recidivism. It also has notable implications in applied practice, for example; in the development and refinement of risk assessment methods. Keywords: Psychopathy, Criminal Behaviour, Intelligence, Impulsivity, Recidivis